Values in Conflict Essay -- essays papers

Values in Conflict VALUES IN CONFLICT Introduction Each day as young people attend school they are bombarded with various moral messages. These messages come in many forms. These differing forms may be categorized in either of two different areas, moral instruction or moral practice (Jackson, Boostrom, and Hansen, 1993). Moral instruction refers to both formal and informal methods. Formal instruction as part of the classroom curriculum is directed and intentional. Sometimes formal moral instruction is not quite so obvious however. Rituals and ceremonies such as pep rallies, graduations, and various assemblies may all be categorized as formal moral instruction. Visual displays with moral content are also considered as formal instruction, although they are of a more passive approach. One can not walk the hallways of a typical middle school without seeing numerous examples of posters and signs which attempt to convey some sort of moral message. Perhaps the most subtle and least recognizable form of moral instruction is the interjection of moral commentary within an ongoing activity. Public recognition for doing exceptional work is just one example of such commentary. Moral practice methods may also be either formal or informal. The rules and regulations within the school and classroom would be considered formal forms of moral practice. A more informal method of moral practice would be the expressive morality within the classroom. Expressive morality may be conveyed either intentionally or unintentionally. Everything a teacher does, from facial expression and body language to expressing personal beliefs, can have an effect of influencing the values of an adolescent. Hence teachers should be extremely aware of this possibility. A Gallup (1980) public survey of attitudes towards schools showed that 79% of the respondents were in favor of some form of instruction which would concentrate on morals and the development of moral behaviors. Along with academic competence, character development is the most desired goal of educators (Wynne and Wahlberg, 1985). Many states actually mandate some form of character education by law. In Nebraska, state statutes 79-214 and 79-215 specifically outline this. Despite this apparent agreement between the public and educators, as well as its legitimacy under law, the teaching of moral beha... ...irely. References Jackson, P., Boostrom, R., and Hansen, D. (1993) The moral life of schools. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Gallup, G. (1980, September) The twelfth annual Gallup Poll of public attitudes toward public schools. Phi Delta Kappan. 62,39. Wynne, E. and Wahlberg, H. (1985) The complimentary goals of character development and academic excellence. Educational Leadership, 43(4). pp. 15-18. Taylor, C. (1991) The ethics of authenticity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. McClelland, D. (1982) Education for values. New York: Irvington Schaeffer, E. (March, 1998) Character education in the curriculum and beyond. The education digest. pp. 15-17. Berkowitz, M. and Grych, J. (1998) Fostering goodness. From internet, http://www.uic.edu/lnucci/MoralEd/aotm/fosterin.htm Rawls, J. (1971) A theory of justice. Cambridge: Harvard University Press Power, F., Higgins, A., and Kohlberg, L. (1989) Lawrence Kohlberg’s approach to moral education. New York: Columbia University Press. Hinshaw, S. and Anderson, C. (1996) Conduct and oppositional defiant disorders. In Marsh, E. and Barkley, R., Child psychopathology. pp. 113-154. New York

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The Classical Theory And Scientific Management Essay

Introduction The classical theory is probably the earliest management idea which involves a few general principles for businesses to apply towards their goals. It was born in the late 19th century due to the rise of the Industrial Revolution. The main aim was to increase organisations productivity and reduce cost (Russ, n.d.). Bureaucracy and scientific management were the constituents of the classical management theory. Although the ideas of classical theorists have been widespread all over the world in the 20th century, many people argue that they are sort of old fashioned currently and out of date. Some people believed the classical theories only have a slight relevance to work and organisations today since the society has moved from a Fordist to a Post-Fordist era because of the shift in technology (Jessop, 2013). However, there is still some evidence such as the â€Å"McDonaldization† of firms illustrates the validity of the classical theory. In this essay, I will investi gate the situation of companies nowadays and examine whether bureaucracy and scientific management can be considered as outdated as well as has a little relevance to work and organisation today. The rhetoric vs Reality of working life The rhetoric describes the world has moved from Fordism to Post-Fordism epoch and the ideas of classical theorists are no longer relevant. ‘Fordism’ denotes to form of manufacture as well as work organisation which was introduced by Henry Ford at the early 20th century.Show MoreRelatedClassical Theory And Scientific Management Theory1767 Words   |  8 Pagescentury, classical management theory was proposed. This classical management theory maintains labours’ high level specialization, centralized decision making, as well as maximize profit. (www.businessdictioary.com ) The main two thoughts of classical theory are bureaucracy and scientific management. Nowadays some people argue that the classical management theory is no longer suitable for modern world and they are outmoded because of the business environment has changed. This management theory is notRead MoreClassical Management Theories : Scientific Approach1556 Words   |  7 Pagesdiscuss the classical management theories: scientific approach by F. W. Taylor (1856-1915) , and their relevance in modern world in public or private organization structure and behavior. . The theories were modernized and adapted with the today’s world organizational system Scientific management Frederick Winslow Taylor described in, â€Å"The Principles of Scientific Management†, How to manage workers application of the scientific management could greatly improve productivity. Scientific management methodRead MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1358 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing the Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was mentioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be provided to give you a look on how they are run in the societyRead MoreClassical Scientific Management Theory And Human Relations Theory1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe different theoretical perspectives. This paper will be discussing t he Scientific Management, Cultural Perspective, Political-Economic Theory, and Human Relations Theory. It will also be discussing each of the key concepts that are associated within each theoretical perspective. I will state some of the strengths and some of the weaknesses of each theory that was mentioned above. Lastly, my opinion for each of these theories would be provided to give you a look on how they are run in the societyRead MoreManagement Foundations Essay1635 Words   |  7 PagesManagement Foundations Esay The classical management perspective represents the first well-developed framework of management (Davidson. P. et al, 2000). It’s the framework from which later theories evolved and concerns efficiency and productivity, which in turn leads to effective and efficient management. Scientific management and the Administrative theory are both classical management theories, which provide information on managing in the workplace, which are very useful and vital to have inRead MoreAre the Classical Functions Put Forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 Still Valid and True Today?1263 Words   |  6 Pagesyears have been pondering the effectiveness of classical approaches to newer conceptualizations within management functions. Are the classical functions put forward by Henri Fayol in 1949 still valid and true today?, or are the theories put forward by other academics such as Mintzberg more valid?, or would the scientific type management concepts be more fitting?. To answer such questions this report examines two Journal journals, â€Å"Are the classical management functions useful in describing managerialRead MoreClassical Management Theory and Human Relations Theory1102 Words   |  5 Pagessystematic development of management thinking is viewed, generally, as spanning from the end of the nineteenth century with the emergence of large industrial organizations. Management theories consist of two group—classical management theory and human relations theory. In this essay, the nature of the â€Å"Classical† and â€Å"Human Relations† approaches to management will be described at first and then bring out the differences and similarities between them. The classical theory of management was formed in theRead MoreHuman Relations Movement1552 Words   |  7 Pagesthe influence of the classical and scientific management in the industry today. This approach raises some important questions about what are the keys function of the classical-scientific management theory, and the contrast of the worker in the classical-scientific and behavioral management. Some additional points need to be considered such as the Hawthorne studies and also the most important aspect covered is the Industrial Revolution that had the biggest influence on management. The IndustrialRead MorePublic Administration1077 Words   |  5 PagesMidterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Liberty University February 5, 2014 Midterm Essay: Classical Organizational Theory Classical Organizational Theory deals with the systematic processes necessary to make bureaucracy more efficient and effective. Name three scholars that are credited with the development of classical organization thought that most correctly fit into this definition of Classical Organizational Theory. What were the basic arguments articulated by each in their contributionsRead MoreThe Field Of Public Administration Essay1275 Words   |  6 PagesThe field of Public Administration is undoubtedly one of the most vast study fields there is. It is said that public administration is closely related to Management in terms of public management theories. After all Public Administration is the perfect management of people in a more vast public setting.According to Nigro and Nigro in their book Modern Public Administration, Public Administration is a co-operative group effort in a public setting which works in collaboration with the executive, legislature